The Language Barrier for Puerto Ricans :: Caribbean History Language Essays

The Language Barrier for Puerto Ricans "Pollito, Chicken Gallina, Hen Lapiz, Pencil y Pluma, Pen. Ventana, Window Puerta, Door Maestra, Teacher y Piso, Floor I sing in English, I sing in Spanish, so all my friends can understand." The issue of language is central to the Puerto Rican experience in the United States. Living in a land where the dominant language is English, this Spanish speaking population is involved in a historical struggle to overcome the language barrier. Among other things, their unfamiliarity with the English language has been a major obstacle to the progression of the Puerto Rican people as a whole. The inability of Puerto Rican’s to speak English has served to exacerbate their situation in the United States; a situation where they are already met with discrimination simply for being foreigners. In the classrooms, Puerto Ricans have met only minimal success, largely due to their inability to properly communicate with teachers and peers. In the workplace, Puerto Ricans have historically been given only menial jobs. Due to their inability to speak English, many Puerto Ricans are unable to conduct themselves in job interviews, fill out application forms, or communicate with customers. As a result, the more competitive job fields show an under-representation of Puerto Ricans. Finally, many Puerto Ricans find it difficult to conduct themselves in places such as hospitals, courtrooms, and post offices due to the language barrier. This leads to the issue of bilingualism. Should the mainstream environment of the schools and workplace of America consist of two languages? T his issue has been debated for many years. This paper focuses on the issue of bilingualism in Hartford, while also looking at the context under which Puerto Ricans in Hartford find themselves in their current situation. These issues are examined with the use of historical fact, along with information and sentiments on current events in the Hartford community concerning the issue of bilingualism and culture. Puerto Rican History In the year 1508, the Spanish arrived in Puerto Rico and began the Spanish colonization of the island. At this time, the island was called Boriquen and was inhabited by an Indian tribe called Tainos. During this process, the Spanish established their way of life on the island while decimating the Tainos in terms of population due to Spanish disease, slavery and oppression.

How Groups Can Influence People in Positive and Negative Ways Essay

Groups influence people in positive and negative ways. Looking at research and studies we will see how the roles we play in groups can influence our behaviour. We will see how groups we gravitate to help raise our self-esteem and give us a sense of belonging but at the same time how conflict is created with other groups. Groups we belong to help to give us a sense of identity but we will see how we can lose this as we conform to group behaviour and the impact this can have. Finally, we will look at Kondo’s research and how changing cultures slowly changed her identity and how this affected her on her journey emphasising her positive and negative influences. As we grow we will have many social identities which influence the groups we belong to. These groups can range from friends to family and further out to groups like nationality and ethnicity. Within these groups we have different roles to play which influence our behaviour. A controversial experiment by Zimbardo (1971) (Spoors et al.) shows how a groups of males were separated into two groups of guards and prisoners in a make shift prison. After six days of a two week experiment it was stopped. The guards became abusive while the prisoners showed signs of emotional disturbance. Lots of factors could have influenced the participant’s behaviour but this experiment shows us the effect that roles have on us in a group and how quick we are to adapt to them. We see how an individual can turn abusive and also how individuals can be walked over an abused. Regarding Zimbardo’s experiment we can identify two groups. Psychologists call these our ‘in’ and ‘out’ groups. Evidence suggests our ‘in group’ raises our self-esteem, we gain a sense of belonging, identification and a sense of status. Our ‘in group’ also gives us an opportunity to compare with our ‘out group’ this can create conflict as an us and them divide is formed. Positively we show favour to our ‘in group’ and negatively we discriminate against our ‘out group’. Tajfel et al. (1971) (Spoors et al.) showed this when he assigned teenage boys to a ‘virtual group’ that did not exist. The boys still showed favouritism to their ‘in group’. We see this behaviour in an experiment conducted by Sherif et al. (1961) (Spoors et al.). He set two sets of boys in a summer camp into groups. Separately the groups interacted, group norms were followed, they joked and had secret codes. The groups were set against each other in competition and within their own groups co-operation and loyalty were heightened but hostility, aggression and prejudiced was seen between the groups. Observing Sherif’s study we see positively how group members found a sense of belonging in their own group and how loyalty and co-operation were heightened by competition. Negatively we see their behaviour changing when clashing against their ‘out group’ becoming hostile, aggressive and prejudiced. Prejudism against our ‘out group’ bolsters self-esteem as it allows us to see other groups as inferior. We feel safe and part of our ‘in group’ but through group pressure we may conform to the rest of the group and the sense of identity we gained we could start to lose as we become more influenced by the rest of the group. Asch (1951) (Spoors et al.) looked at this and conducted an experiment on conformity. Participants had to match two lines out of a group of four that were similar in length with a group of other people. Participants conformed with the group who deliberately gave wrong answers. This was repeated and seventy five per cent of participants gave a wrong answer at least once. Asch’s experiment shows the influence of group pressure. Negatively this influence can have disastrous implications. Spoors et al. (2011) use the example of the ‘Heavens Gate’ cult. Thirty nine of their members committed suicide believing their souls would be transported to a spaceship behind Hale Bop comet. Psychological factors need to be recognised but would they have acted this way left to their own devices? Positively Asch’s experiment shows us how we like to feel part of a group and not left out. Society would be chaos if people did not conform to some degree. Just going to the cinema and being quiet we are conforming to the silence so others are not offended. Cultures will have an influence on conformity as Collectivist cultures emphasise groups more than Individualist cultures so all depending where we live in the world cultures influence our behaviour in groups. As our behaviour changes so will our own social identities and this can finally lead us onto research by Dorinne Kondo (1990) (Spoors et al.) Dorinne Kondo was a Japanese American raised in the U.S.A. She moved to Japan to take part in research involving participant-observational study moving in with a Japanese family. Over time she found her American identity diminishing and her new identity flourishing encountering both positive and negative influences on her journey. Negatively she describes being confronted with bewilderment, embarrassment even anger on her linguistical mistakes and when conforming wrongly to Japanese customs also when ‘proper’ behaviour meant she had to behave subserviently. She describes her conflicts surrounding expectations of gender especially her role as a young woman. Positively she describes being left with a warm positive feeling to her live in family when being affirmed for behaving with proper Japanese etiquette. After time she found herself losing her American identity. In her tea ceremony class she explains her awkward, exaggerated western movements had been replaced with Japanese grace. Kondo’s research demonstrates the positive and negative influences we encounter in different cultures and how they can change us as a person as our identities evolve. We have seen how groups can influence people in both positive and negative ways. Zimbardo’s prison experiment shows us how quick we take up roles in a group and the extent to which we act out these roles. Sherif’s summer camp study shows how we look for a sense of belonging and to raise our self-esteem in a group but how we discriminate when conflict is created. These same groups who we look to for affirmation can influence us so greatly we will make the wrong decisions. We have also seen from research how different cultures can influence our positive and negative behaviour in groups and the impact this has on us as our identities evolve.

The Amazing and Horrifying Story of Kurt Gerstein

Anti-Nazi Kurt Gerstein (1905-1945) never intended to be a witness to the Nazi murder of the Jews. He joined the SS to try to find out what happened to his sister-in-law, who had mysteriously died in a mental institution. Gerstein was so successful in his infiltration of the SS that he was placed in a position to witness gassings at Belzec. Gerstein then told everyone he could think of about what he saw and yet no action was taken. Some wonder if Gerstein did enough. Kurt Gerstein Kurt Gerstein was born on August 11, 1905, in Mà ¼nster, Germany. Growing up as a young boy in Germany during the First World War and the following tumultuous years, Gerstein did not escape the pressures of his time. He was taught by his father to follow orders without question; he agreed with the growing patriotic fervor that espoused German nationalism, and he was not immune to the strengthening anti-Semitic feelings of the inter-war period. Thus he joined the Nazi Party on May 2, 1933. However, Gerstein found that much of the National Socialist (Nazi) dogma went against his strong Christian beliefs. Turning Anti-Nazi While attending college, Gerstein became very involved in Christian youth groups. Even after graduating in 1931 as a mining engineer, Gerstein remained very active in the youth groups, especially the Federation of German Bible Circles (until it was disbanded in 1934). On January 30, 1935, Gerstein attended an anti-Christian play, Wittekind at the Municipal Theater in Hagen. Though he sat amongst numerous Nazi members, at one point in the play he stood up and shouted, This is unheard of! We shall not allow our faith to be publicly mocked without protest!1 For this statement, he was given a black eye and had several teeth knocked out.2 On September 26, 1936, Gerstein was arrested and imprisoned for anti-Nazi activities. He had been arrested for attaching anti-Nazi letters to invitations sent out to invitees of the German Miners Association.3 When Gersteins house was searched, additional anti-Nazi letters, issued by the Confessional Church, were found ready to be mailed along with 7,000 addressed envelopes.4 After the arrest, Gerstein was officially excluded from the Nazi Party. Also, after six weeks of imprisonment, he was released only to find that he had lost his job in the mines. Arrested Again Not able to get a job, Gerstein went back to school. He began to study theology at Tà ¼bingen but soon transferred to the Protestant Missions Institute to study medicine. After a two-year engagement, Gerstein married Elfriede Bensch, a pastors daughter, on August 31, 1937. Even though Gerstein had already suffered exclusion from the Nazi Party as a warning against his anti-Nazi activities, he soon resumed his distribution of such documents. On July 14, 1938, Gerstein was again arrested. This time, he was transferred to the Welzheim concentration camp where he became extremely depressed. He wrote, Several times I came within an ace of hanging myself of putting an end to my life in some other way because I hadnt the faintest idea if, or when, I should ever be released from that concentration camp.5 On June 22, 1939, after Gersteins release from the camp, the Nazi Party took even more drastic action against him regarding his status in the Party - they officially dismissed him. Gerstein Joins the SS In the beginning of 1941, Gersteins sister-in-law, Bertha Ebeling, died mysteriously at the Hadamar mental institution. Gerstein was shocked by her death and became determined to infiltrate the Third Reich to find out the truth about the numerous deaths at Hadamar and similar institutions. On March 10, 1941, a year and a half into the Second World War, Gerstein joined the Waffen SS. He was soon placed in the medical services hygiene section where he succeeded in inventing water filters for German troops - to his superiors delight. Gerstein had been dismissed from the Nazi Party, thus should not have been able to hold any Party position, especially not become part of the Nazi elite. For a year and a half, the anti-Nazi Gersteins entry into the Waffen SS went unnoticed by those that had dismissed him. In November 1941, at a funeral for Gersteins brother, a member of the Nazi court that had dismissed Gerstein saw him in uniform. Although information about his past was passed on to Gersteins superiors, his technical and medical skills - proven by the working water filter - made him too valuable to dismiss, Gerstein was thus allowed to stay at his post. Zyklon B Three months later, in January 1942, Gerstein was appointed the head of the Technical Disinfection Department of the Waffen SS where he worked with various toxic gases, including Zyklon B. On June 8, 1942, while the head of the Technical Disinfection Department, Gerstein was visited by SS Sturmbannfà ¼hrer Rolf Gà ¼nther of the Reich Security Main Office. Gà ¼nther ordered Gerstein to deliver 220 pounds of Zyklon B to a location known only to the driver of the truck. Gersteins main task was to determine the feasibility of changing the Aktion Reinhard gas chambers from carbon monoxide to Zyklon B. In August 1942, after having collected the  Zyklon B  from a factory in Kolin (near Prague, Czech Republic), Gerstein was taken to  Majdanek, Belzec, and  Treblinka. Belzec Gerstein arrived at Belzec on August 19, 1942, where he witnessed the entire process of gassing a trainload of Jews. After the unloading of 45 train cars stuffed with 6,700 people, those that were still alive were marched, completely naked, and told that no harm would come to them.  After the gas chambers were filled: Unterscharfà ¼hrer Hackenholt was making great efforts to get the engine running. But it doesnt go. Captain Wirth comes up. I can see he is afraid because I am present at a disaster. Yes, I see it all and I wait. My stopwatch showed it all, 50 minutes, 70 minutes, and the diesel did not start. The people wait inside the gas chambers. In vain. They can be heard weeping, like in the synagogue, says Professor Pfannenstiel, his eyes glued to a window in the wooden door. Furious, Captain Wirth lashes the Ukrainian assisting Hackenholt twelve, thirteen times, in the face. After 2 hours and 49 minutes - the stopwatch recorded it all - the diesel started. Up to that moment, the people shut up in those four crowded chambers were still alive, four times 750 persons in four times 45 cubic meters. Another 25 minutes elapsed. Many were already dead, that could be seen through the small window because an electric lamp inside lit up the chamber for a few moments. After 28 minutes, only a few were still alive. Finally, after 32 minutes, all were dead. 6 Gerstein was then shown the processing of the dead: Dentists hammered out gold teeth, bridges and crowns. In the midst of them stood Captain Wirth. He was in his element, and showing me a large can full of teeth, he said: See for yourself the weight of that gold! Its only from yesterday and the day before. You cant imagine what we find every day - dollars, diamonds, gold. Youll see for yourself! 7 Telling the World Gerstein was shocked by what he had witnessed. Yet, he realized that as a witness, his position was unique. I was one of the handful of people who had seen every corner of the establishment, and certainly the only one to have visited it as an enemy of this gang of murderers. 8 He buried the Zyklon B canisters that he was supposed to deliver to the death camps. He was shaken by what he had seen. He wanted to expose what he knew to the world so that they could stop it. On the train back to Berlin, Gerstein met Baron Gà ¶ran von Otter, a Swedish diplomat. Gerstein told von Otter all he had seen. As von Otter relates the conversation: It was hard to get Gerstein to keep his voice down. We stood there together, all night, some six hours or maybe eight. And again and again, Gerstein kept on recalling what he had seen. He sobbed and hid his face in his hands. 9 Von Otter made a detailed report of his conversation with Gerstein and sent it to his superiors. Nothing happened. Gerstein continued to tell people what he had seen. He tried to contact the Legation of the Holy See but was denied access because he was a soldier.10 [T]aking my life in my hands every moment, I continued to inform hundreds of people of these horrible massacres. Among them were the Niemà ¶ller family; Dr. Hochstrasser, the press attachà © at the Swiss Legation in Berlin; Dr. Winter, the coadjutor of the Catholic Bishop of Berlin - so that he could transmit my information to the Bishop and to the Pope; Dr. Dibelius [bishop of the Confessing Church], and many others. In this way, thousands of people were informed by me.11 As months continued to pass and still the Allies had done nothing to stop the extermination, Gerstein became increasingly frantic. [H]e behaved in a strangely reckless manner, needlessly risking his life every time he spoke of the extermination camps to persons he scarcely knew, who were in no position to help, but might easily have been subjected to torture and interrogation. . .  12 Suicide or Murder On April 22, 1945, near the end of the war, Gerstein contacted the Allies. After telling his story and showing his documents, Gerstein was kept in honorable captivity in Rottweil - this meant he was lodged at Hotel Mohren and just had to report to the French gendarmerie once a day.13 It was here that Gerstein wrote down his experiences - both in French and German. At this time, Gerstein seemed optimistic and confident. In a letter, Gerstein wrote: After twelve years of unremitting struggle, and in particular after the last four years of my extremely dangerous and exhausting activity and the many horrors I have lived through, I should like to recuperate with my family in Tà ¼bingen. 14 On May 26, 1945, Gerstein was soon transferred to Constance, Germany and then to Paris, France in early June. In Paris, the French did not treat Gerstein differently than the other war prisoners. He was taken to the Cherche-Midi military prison on July 5, 1945. The conditions there were terrible. On the afternoon of July 25, 1945, Kurt Gerstein was found dead in his cell, hung with part of his blanket. Though it was apparently a suicide, there is still some question if it was perhaps murder, possibly committed by other German prisoners who did not want Gerstein to talk. Gerstein was buried in the Thiais cemetery under the name Gastein. But even that was temporary, for his grave was within a section of the cemetery that was razed in 1956. Tainted In 1950, a final blow was given to Gerstein - a denazification court posthumously condemned him. After his experiences in the Belzec camp, he might have been expected to resist, with all the strength at his command, being made the tool of an organized mass murder. The court is of the opinion that the accused did not exhaust all the possibilities open to him and that he could have found other ways and means of holding aloof from the operation. . . .Accordingly, taking into account the extenuating circumstances noted . . . the court has not included the accused among the main criminals but has placed him among the tainted.15 It was not until January 20, 1965, that Kurt Gerstein was cleared of all charges, by the Premier of Baden-Wà ¼rttemberg. End Notes Saul Friedlà ¤nder,  Kurt Gerstein: The Ambiguity of Good  (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969) 37.Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  37.Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  43.Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  44.Letter by Kurt Gerstein to relatives in the United States as quoted in Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  61.Report by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Yitzhak Arad,  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps  (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987)  102.Report by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Arad,  Belzec  102.Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  109.Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  124.Report by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  128.Report by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  128-129.Martin Niemà ¶ller as quoted in Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  179.Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  211-212.Letter by Kurt Gerstein as quoted in Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  215-216.Verdict of the Tà ¼bingen Denazification Court, August 17, 1950 as quoted in Friedlà ¤nder,  Gerstein  225-226. Bibliography Arad, Yitzhak.  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987.Friedlà ¤nder, Saul.  Kurt Gerstein: The Ambiguity of Good. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1969.Kochan, Lionel. Kurt Gerstein.  Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Ed. Israel Gutman. New York: Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1990.

Race A Philosophical Introduction - 1756 Words

Race-thinking: what is it? Isn’t the world past the issue of race? Do races even exist and if so, what does it mean to have a racial identity? Is colorblindness possible and how important is it? These are the questions Paul Taylor addresses in the book â€Å"Race: A Philosophical Introduction†. Paul Taylor is a self-proclaimed â€Å"radical constructionist† who will maintain that race is very real in our world and in the United States (p. 80). Taylor takes care to ensure he addresses the real needs concerning racial dynamics in the U.S., referencing historical events, prevailing policy affairs, and even pop culture to explain that everyone capable of forming opinions ought to have some sort of grasp of the concept of race thinking. As Taylor will analyze, race and race-thinking â€Å"has shaped and continues to shape private interactions as well as the largest political choices† (p. 8). In other words, race-thinking encompasses everything we do and every i nteraction we have. 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Personal Progression of Public Speaking Essay - 1143 Words

In life, we rarely have the chance for a do-over, but I feel like returning to college is mine. Throughout high school, my grades were never above average and until about a couple of years ago I considered myself to be unintelligent. What I failed to see was my level of commitment. Once I began applying myself, the grades earned reflected that. This concept coincides to my public speaking ability. Many students, including myself, walk into a speech class thinking that it will be the Easy A of the semester and quite frankly I devoted a good amount of time and hard work to earn my A’s and B’s for this course. Overall, my public speaking growth in terms of listenability were influenced by the following: the strategy keys in correctly engaging†¦show more content†¦The art speech was not necessarily my best moment when it came to audience analysis. I should have followed through with making the speech less about the assignment and more about who I was presenting it to. 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This is where great speakers such as journalistRead MoreLearning English As A Fine Language1647 Words   |  7 PagesLearning English as a fine Language –EFL About the course Concentrating on communication abilities with emphasis on speaking and listening, to improve your general skill to access higher level courses; to improve your English for everyday use; to improve your English for travel; to improve your English for work purposes or to do casual work in an English speaking country. This program is specially designed for the people looking to improve their general English communication skills. Course Structure

A List of Famous Short Stories Free Essays

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. ~ Sir Francis Bacon A LIST OF FAMOUS SHORT STORIES Famous short story writers are Edgar Allan Poe, Guy de Maupassant, Anton Chekov and O Henry. Some of these authors have gained much fame and recognition in the literary world entirely through their brilliant narrative of short stories while some of them like Charles Dickens, P. We will write a custom essay sample on A List of Famous Short Stories or any similar topic only for you Order Now G. Woodehouse and Rudyard Kipling are highly accomplished in the fields of writing short stories and novels. Short stories are actually more difficult to write as it revolves around a single incident and it has to have the ability of captivating the reader. Because of its length a short story cannot be rambling or dealing with detailed descriptions. Whatever the plot maybe, the elements of a short story are clear and comprehensive while the ending of most famous short stories are abrupt and dramatic with a twist at the end. Here is a list of famous short stories. Famous Short Stories About Love Here is a list of famous short stories About love. †¢ Antony and Cleopatra ~ William Shakespeare †¢ About Love ~ Anton Chekov †¢ The Thing’s The Play ~ O. Henry †¢ An Imaginative Woman ~ Thomas Hardy †¢ Old Ghosts ~ A. J. McKenna †¢ Return to Paradise ~ Anton Chekov †¢ Blues in the Night ~ Jennifer Jenkinson †¢ The Three Letters ~ Nels Schifano †¢ Gift of the Magi ~ O. Henry †¢ Scarlet Stockings ~ Louisa May Alcott †¢ A Lickpenny Lover ~ O. Henry †¢ Love ~ Anton Chekov †¢ Some Ways of Love ~ Charlotte Mew †¢ The Love Quarrel ~ Agnes Strickland Famous Short Stories for High School Here is a list of world famous short stories that can be read by high school students. †¢ The Purloined Letter ~ Edgar Allen Poe †¢ A Piece of String ~ Guy de Mauppasant †¢ The First Miracle ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ The Five Orange Pips ~ Arthur Conan Doyle †¢ A Deception ~ Mark Twain †¢ The Gentleman Dressed in Newspaper ~ Agatha Christie †¢ The Minister’s Black Veil ~ Nathaneil Hawthorne †¢ The Third and Final Continent ~ Jhumpa Lahiri †¢ The Man Who Would Be King ~ Rudyard Kipling †¢ Providence and the Guitar ~ R. L. Stevenson †¢ An Affair of State ~ Guy de Maupassant †¢ The Girls in Their Summer Dresses ~ Irwin Shaw List of Famous Short Stories Here is a list of some of the most loved and famous short stories of all time. †¢ A Matter of Sentiment ~ Saki †¢ The Stolen Bacillus ~ H. G. Wells †¢ The Chinese Statue ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ The Devil in the Churchyard ~ A. E. Coppard †¢ The Affair of the Pink Pearl ~ Agatha Christie †¢ Twice-Told Tales ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne’s †¢ Ward No. 6 ~ Anton Chekhov †¢ Going to Meet the Man ~ James Baldwin †¢ The Wisdom of Solomon ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ The Musgrave Ritual Arthur ~ Conan Doyle †¢ Rip van Winkle ~ Washington Irving †¢ The Things They Carried ~ Tim O’Brien Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ~ R. L. Stevenson †¢ The Lottery ~ Shirley Jackson †¢ The Enormous Radio ~ John Cheever †¢ In the Eye of the Beholder ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ Earth Is Room Enough ~ Isaac Asimov †¢ A Legend of Old Egypt ~ Boleslaw Prus †¢ An Ordinary Soldier of the Queen ~ Graham Joyce †¢ Monday or Tuesday ~ Virginia Woolf †¢ Nobody’s Business ~ Jhumpa Lahiri †¢ Everything That Rises Must Converge ~ Flannery O Connor †¢ The Room ~ William Trevor †¢ The Man in the Black Suit ~ Stephen King †¢ The Eleventh Edition ~ Leo E. Litwak †¢ Errand ~ Raymond Carver †¢ Lily ~ Jane Smiley The Coming-Out of Maggie ~ O. Henry †¢ Four and Twenty Blackbirds ~ Agatha Christie †¢ Afterward ~ Edith Wharton †¢ The Ambitious Guest ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne †¢ Araby ~ James Joyce †¢ The Tell-Tale Heart ~ Edgar Allan Poe †¢ The Rajah’s Emerald ~ Agatha Christie †¢ The Thousand-And-Second Tale of Scheherazade ~ Edgar Allan Poe †¢ Timbuctoo ~ Guy de Maupassant †¢ The End of the Party ~ Graham Greene †¢ The Wreck ~ Guy de Maupassant †¢ The Great Carbuncle ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne †¢ The Theft of the Royal Ruby ~ Agatha Christie †¢ Hunters in the Snow ~ Tobias Wolff †¢ The Best Sauce ~ P. G. Wodehouse The Calash ~ Gogol †¢ Markheim ~ Robert Louis Stevenson †¢ Lamb to the Slaughter ~ Roald Dahl †¢ The Last Leaf ~ O. Henry †¢ The Lottery Ticket ~ Anton Chekhov †¢ The Door in the Wall ~ H. G. Wells †¢ The Baron of Grogzwig ~ Charles Dickens †¢ The Open Window ~ Saki †¢ Rocking-Horse Winner ~ D. H. Lawrence †¢ The Ransom of Red Chief ~ O. Henry †¢ The Dressmaker’s Doll ~ Agatha Christie †¢ Rappaccini’s Daughter ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne †¢ The Storyteller ~ Saki †¢ Stranger ~ Katherine Mansfield †¢ The Private History of a Campaign That Failed ~ Mark Twain †¢ A Small, Good Thing ~ Raymond Carver A Silver Dish ~ Saul Bellow †¢ The Cask of Amontillado ~ Edgar Allan Poe †¢ A Burlesque Biography ~ Mark Twain †¢ The Boarded Window ~ Ambrose Bierce †¢ The Kugelmass Episode ~ Woody Allen †¢ The Case of the Perfect Maid ~ Agatha Christie †¢ The Girl Who Sang with the Beatles ~ Robert Hemingway †¢ Hall The Ledge ~ Lawrence Sargent †¢ In Sickness as in Health ~ Martha Gellhorn †¢ The Blue-Winged Teal ~ Wallace Stegner †¢ Man and Wife ~ Katie Chase †¢ One Night Stand ~ Jeffrey Archer †¢ Miss Marple Tells a Story ~ Agatha Christie †¢ An Eye for an Eye ~ Jeffrey Archer How to cite A List of Famous Short Stories, Papers

Supreme Court Sides With Samsung In Apple Patent Damages Dispute

Question: Discuss about theSupreme Court Sides With Samsung In Apple Patent Damages Dispute. Answer: Introduction The concepts of intellectual property are a widespread topic of discussion. A business owner on fundamental level needs to understand the law which helps in protecting their creation and concepts from any unfair competition. The concept of intellectual property consists of so many distinctive products that companies may have created and the one that provides some economic advantages (Cornish et al., 2013). It is imperative to seek some professional kind of experience from the intellectual property based attorney to assist the company in properly planning the overall success and also ignore any theft, designs and another kind of concepts. It is important to ensure that the planning and execution come under a well-planned strategy as soon as the company is established or in a process to invent something unique. The report will discuss in detail about popular Samsung and APPLE case where the latter company blamed Samsung to copy their design plainly. It is important to understand that deterring any cyber crime is an important part of the national cyber-based security issue and it consists of many critical kinds of information along with infrastructure protection based strategy (Balakrishnan, 2016). Discussion of the Article As per the Supreme Court in the US, Samsung has no liability to pay an amount of $339 million to Apple (Kim et al., 2015). The issue started in the year 2011 when Apple sued Samsung to copy their designs along with many other things plainly. The lower court passed judgment for Apple. The penalty was based on the fact that if the party is copying as well as applying the patented design of the producer, then the company becomes liable to share their profit with the manufacturer (Samuelson, 2017). However, Samsung counters back by saying that the companies only liable to pay profit from the elements that are infringement. It is important to understand here that the process of filing and sometime again filing of an IP-based application can be a very expensive process and it can also waste some crucial time if not done in a proper manner (Bently Sherman, 2014). It further helps in deciding what is needed to be saved when it comes to IP concepts: - Determining what ideas comes under what specific protection options. Filing as quickly as possible which further decreased the chance on losing out on the overall protection level (Bently Sherman, 2014). It is also important to investigate many types of global patents along with people who are registered in the US. The overall fight against the security of companies policies and manufacturing designs require a comprehensive kind of approach. It is also important to understand here that technical measures alone cannot save such crimes and it becomes very critical for the legal systems to properly investigate and persecute such cases in an efficient manner (Biagioli Galison, 2014). Following are some important types of IP protection for the businesses: - Copyrights: the concept of copyrights is based on saving the original work of the authorship of work of literary, dramatics, works and much more like graphic work or like in the case of Apple, design. The act helps in providing rights to change, distribute, create and further copy the work (Lemley, 2016). Patents: this concept grants some rights in property on cases like invention which permit the patent holder to eliminate other people from making, selling or even using the idea. Samsung in the case exactly that which means the company copied the design from Apple. On a basic level there three type of patents like design, utility, and plant. Trademarks: this concept can be treated in multiple ways like a phrase or a word, or designs that can divide the basic source of the products of one concept and from the competitors (May 2013). Trade based Secrets: A trade secret can be treated as a process, device or other data of business that organization primarily keeps private to provide them an advantage over the competition. Some of the trade secrets can be customer lists, an algorithm of a computer, soda based formulas and customer lists. Classical Theory Deontology These theories questions basic morality based on specific duties or any obligation and also claims that specific actions can be strictly right or wrong. It can be right or wrong despite any consequences that may later follow. What further adds to the choice of calling the action right or wrong is based on its conformity with a moral based norm. Samsung actions were clearly wrong despite them winning an argument in Supreme Court (Torremans, 2016). The company holds liable to share some amount of compensation to Apple in whichever way possible. Utilitarianism According to the concept, different actions on moral basis are right if in case they have the capacity to increase the goodness. The concept of good is based on the overall pleasure or welfare of the well-being. However, in the case discussed Samsung actions does not come under good and asking for the total profit from Samsung doesn't make Apple an ideal company (Lemley, 2016). Virtue Ethics The concept of virtual ethics claims that idea of ethics is all about the agents and does not include any action or consequences. It is important to live an ethical life which may consist of the possession of right kind of character characteristics and also as an outcome come under right moral character (Lemley, 2016). Social Contract The concept of moral behavior is based on some set of rules that any rational employee will agree upon, and it is done for any mutual benefit that provides people, in general, to obey them in a proper manner (Dratler McJohn, 2016). Under such cases, there should be no place for any industry since the overall fruit is not particular. In the end, there is neither type of culture on neither earth nor use of products that can be imported by water in the form of sea or commodious based buildings, no product based on moving and eliminating many things as needed with much force. Conclusion Companies like Apple are struggling to save the intellectual property, and the process is very significant to the success of the business. Every company must ask a crucial question like what the intellectual property is and how to save it from unfair practices. The concept consists of many items that are discussed in detail above and have also created with some uniqueness and also provide the company with specific economic based advantages (Dratler McJohn, 2016). The concept of intellectual property covers any kind of original work like invention, designs, trade secrets or authorship. The process of intellectual property entirely depends on types of intellectual property the company has. Reference Balakrishnan, A., (2016, Dec). Supreme Court sides with Samsung in Apple patent damages dispute. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/06/supreme-court-rules-for-samsung-in-apple-patent-case.html Bently, L., Sherman, B. (2014).Intellectual property law. Oxford University Press, USA. Biagioli, M., Galison, P. (2014).Scientific authorship: Credit and intellectual property in science. Routledge. Cornish, W., Llewelyn, G. I. D., Aplin, T. (2013). Intellectual property: patents, copyright, trade marks allied rights. Dratler, J., McJohn, S. M. (2016).Licensing of Intellectual Property. Law Journal Press. Gans, J. S., Murray, F. E., Stern, S. (2017). Contracting over the disclosure of scientific knowledge: Intellectual property and academic publication.Research Policy,46(4), 820-835. Kim, K. H., Baik, J. H., Yeo, J. M., Lee, M. H. (2015).U.S. Patent No. D734,340. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Lemley, M. (2016). Anticompetitive Settlement of Intellectual Property Disputes. Lemley, M. (2016). Beyond Preemption: The Federal Law and Policy of Intellectual Property Licensing. May, C. (2013).The global political economy of intellectual property rights: The new enclosures?(Vol. 3). Routledge. Samuelson, P. (2017). Supreme Court on design patent damages in Samsung v. Apple.Communications of the ACM,60(3), 26-28. Torremans, P. (2016).Holyoak and Torremans intellectual property law. Oxford University Press.